摘要：
自地方創生提出以來，地方該如何創生的課題，為地方工作者拉開了檢視地方發展策略的論辯視野。從社區營造到地方創生，建構地方發展的行動策略始終是政策設計的核心目標，但「是誰在追求什麼樣的地方發展」同樣也是這兩個政策中甚少受到檢視的問題。地方如何面對外在的干預、串聯各層級的政策資源與建設目標、協調在地不同團體的行動利益，仍舊是地方持續面對的難題，地方發展的自主性也因而困陷於回應上位施政目標與改善在地生活條件的策略競合之中。
人口問題是推動地方創生的根源，是論述地方創生發展策略正當性的關鍵，卻也是地方創生推動機制中最為失落的一環。地方創生是一個相當仰賴「人」和「地方」議題結合的發展論述，但在既有的政策推動模式下，很容易導向一種以產業經濟和公共建設為主、以迎合資源供應者觀點為依歸的行動模式，相對忽略流變的人口在地方發展過程中的複雜問題。如何使自治創生發展的權責相符，或許才是體制上必須解決的挑戰。
關鍵字：社區營造、地方創生、自治發展、人口問題、發展干預
The Regional Revitalization Policy has become the trending topic of how to do regional development to solve the problem of population loss. From community building to regional revitalization, the strategy of empowering residents remains its central role in the policy design. However, the power of policy making and resource redistributing lies in central government, and the question of who pursues what kind of development needs a better answer.
This article tries to break down the emerging issues in implementing the policy of community building and regional revitalization. While local autonomy is the key to regional development, policymakers and resource providers hold more influence in making an action plan. Therefore, the critical problematics in the regional revitalization policy should be how to reconstruct a competent governance regime.
